Crater lake · Central America

Laguna de Apoyo

A water-filled volcanic crater beside Lake Nicaragua, ~21 km² and ~175 m deep. It holds one of the youngest known cichlid radiations — an endemic flock of Amphilophus (the Apoyo 'arrow' cichlid Amphilophus zaliosus and relatives) that evolved in situ from a Midas-cichlid founder within roughly the last ten thousand years, a textbook case of sympatric speciation (Barluenga et al. 2006, Nature).

Maximum depth
574 ft
Length
4 miles
Mixing regime
Monomictic
Basin
Apoyo crater (endorheic), beside Lake Nicaragua
Countries
Nicaragua

Where every species has been recorded

9 cichlid species across 4 genera have been georeferenced in the lake, drawn from 57 field and museum records. Switch to satellite imagery, or pick a single species to see exactly where it lives.

57 records

Occurrence records: GBIF.org (Global Biodiversity Information Facility). Each point is a georeferenced observation or specimen; positions carry the source dataset's own coordinate precision.

Sources

Every number on this page is traceable to peer-reviewed research.

  • GBIF.org (2026). GBIF Occurrence Download — Cichlidae, African rift lakes. Global Biodiversity Information Facility, www.gbif.org. link

A shoreline of separate worlds

Laguna de Apoyo does not have one habitat but a mosaic of them, and the boundaries are sharp. A cichlid adapted to grazing algae off boulders may never cross the few metres of open sand to the next reef — which is exactly why so many species here live nowhere else on Earth.

Mapped habitats

Surveyed habitat data for this lake is not loaded yet.